Super Carnosine
Carnosine is a multifunctional dipeptide made up of a chemical combination of the amino acids beta-alanine and L-histidine. It is found both in food and in the human body. Long-lived cells such as nerve cells (neurons) and muscle cells (myocytes) contain high levels of carnosine (28). Muscle levels of carnosine correlate with the maximum life spans of animals. Carnosine is a naturally occurring antioxidant that has been shown to be an anti-glycating agent (29-35).
This nutrient also has the ability to suppress advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, a culprit in oxidative stress that can lead to age-related conditions (25). Carnosine levels decline with age. Muscle levels decline 63% from age 10 to age 70, which may account for the normal age-related decline in muscle mass and function (36).
Since carnosine acts as a pH buffer, it can keep on protecting muscle cell membranes from oxidation under the acidic conditions of muscular exertion. Carnosine enables the heart muscle to contract more efficiently through enhancement of calcium response in heart myocytes (37).
Aging causes irreversible damage to the body's proteins. The underlying mechanism behind this damage is glycation. A simple definition of glycation is the cross-linking of proteins and sugars to form non-functioning structures in the body. The process of glycation can be superficially seen as unsightly wrinkled skin. Glycation is also an underlying cause of age-related neurologic, vascular, and eye problems (38-49). Carnosine is a unique dipeptide that interferes with the glycation process (29-35).
Benfotiamine provides additional protection against glycation reactions while guarding cells against the toxic effects of chronic glucose exposure. Even people with normal glucose levels encounter damaging sugar reactions over a lifetime. Benfotiamine protects against glucose-induced cell damage via several mechanisms (50-53).
References
25. J Neurosci Res. 2001 Oct 15;66(2):266-71.
28. Biogerontology. 2007 Apr;8(2):129-37. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
29. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004 Jul 1;427(1):110-5.
30. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Jul;65(7):862-5.
31. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:285-94.
32. Biosci BiotechnolBiochem. 2002 Jan;66(1):36-43.
33. Nephron Clin Pract. 2007;107(1):c26-34.
34. Perit Dial Int. 2007 Jan-Feb;27(1):86-9.
35. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 May;1067:369-74.
36. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Jul;65(7):862-5.
37. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan;272(1 Pt 2):H462-8.
38. Diabetologia. 2002 Oct;45(10):1457-62.
39. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2003 Dec;51(10):543-9.
40. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2003 Mar;41(2-3):306-23.
41. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr;50(4):1207-15.
42. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(2):275-9.
43. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;78(10):848-55.
44. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Apr;928:48-53.
45. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Jan;46(1):114-23.
46. J InvestDermatol. 2002 Aug;119(2):489-98.
47. Kurume Med J.2002;49(1-2):7-13.
48. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(10):946-52.
49. Metabolism. 2008 Oct;57(10):1452-7.
50. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 1997;39(4):5-10.
51. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova.1998;98(9):30-2 (in Russian).
52. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):294-9. Epub 2003 Feb 18.
53. Exp Clin EndocrinolDiabetes. 1996;104(4):311-6.
Supplement Facts
Serving Size 1 capsule
Servings Per Container 90
Amount Per Serving
Thiamine (vitamin B1) (as thiamine HCI) 50 mg
Carnosine 500 mg
Benfotiamine 50 mg
Luteolin (from Perilla leaf extract; Perilla frutescens) 4 mg
Other ingredients: gelatin, microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable stearate.
This product contains NO milk, egg, fish, peanuts, crustacean shellfish (lobster, crab, shrimp), soybeans, tree nuts, wheat, yeast, gluten, corn, or rice. Contains NO sugar, artificial sweeteners, flavors, colors, or preservatives.
Dosage and Use
Take one capsule two to three times daily with or without food, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.
Caution:
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not exceed recommended dose.
Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged.
If you have a bad reaction to product discontinue use immediately.
When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.
This nutrient also has the ability to suppress advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, a culprit in oxidative stress that can lead to age-related conditions (25). Carnosine levels decline with age. Muscle levels decline 63% from age 10 to age 70, which may account for the normal age-related decline in muscle mass and function (36).
Since carnosine acts as a pH buffer, it can keep on protecting muscle cell membranes from oxidation under the acidic conditions of muscular exertion. Carnosine enables the heart muscle to contract more efficiently through enhancement of calcium response in heart myocytes (37).
Aging causes irreversible damage to the body's proteins. The underlying mechanism behind this damage is glycation. A simple definition of glycation is the cross-linking of proteins and sugars to form non-functioning structures in the body. The process of glycation can be superficially seen as unsightly wrinkled skin. Glycation is also an underlying cause of age-related neurologic, vascular, and eye problems (38-49). Carnosine is a unique dipeptide that interferes with the glycation process (29-35).
Benfotiamine provides additional protection against glycation reactions while guarding cells against the toxic effects of chronic glucose exposure. Even people with normal glucose levels encounter damaging sugar reactions over a lifetime. Benfotiamine protects against glucose-induced cell damage via several mechanisms (50-53).
References
25. J Neurosci Res. 2001 Oct 15;66(2):266-71.
28. Biogerontology. 2007 Apr;8(2):129-37. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
29. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004 Jul 1;427(1):110-5.
30. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Jul;65(7):862-5.
31. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:285-94.
32. Biosci BiotechnolBiochem. 2002 Jan;66(1):36-43.
33. Nephron Clin Pract. 2007;107(1):c26-34.
34. Perit Dial Int. 2007 Jan-Feb;27(1):86-9.
35. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 May;1067:369-74.
36. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Jul;65(7):862-5.
37. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan;272(1 Pt 2):H462-8.
38. Diabetologia. 2002 Oct;45(10):1457-62.
39. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2003 Dec;51(10):543-9.
40. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2003 Mar;41(2-3):306-23.
41. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr;50(4):1207-15.
42. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(2):275-9.
43. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;78(10):848-55.
44. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Apr;928:48-53.
45. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Jan;46(1):114-23.
46. J InvestDermatol. 2002 Aug;119(2):489-98.
47. Kurume Med J.2002;49(1-2):7-13.
48. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(10):946-52.
49. Metabolism. 2008 Oct;57(10):1452-7.
50. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 1997;39(4):5-10.
51. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova.1998;98(9):30-2 (in Russian).
52. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):294-9. Epub 2003 Feb 18.
53. Exp Clin EndocrinolDiabetes. 1996;104(4):311-6.
Supplement Facts
Serving Size 1 capsule
Servings Per Container 90
Amount Per Serving
Thiamine (vitamin B1) (as thiamine HCI) 50 mg
Carnosine 500 mg
Benfotiamine 50 mg
Luteolin (from Perilla leaf extract; Perilla frutescens) 4 mg
Other ingredients: gelatin, microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable stearate.
This product contains NO milk, egg, fish, peanuts, crustacean shellfish (lobster, crab, shrimp), soybeans, tree nuts, wheat, yeast, gluten, corn, or rice. Contains NO sugar, artificial sweeteners, flavors, colors, or preservatives.
Dosage and Use
Take one capsule two to three times daily with or without food, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.
Caution:
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not exceed recommended dose.
Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged.
If you have a bad reaction to product discontinue use immediately.
When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.
