L-Glutamine
Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that is the most abundant free amino acid in human muscle and plasma. It is necessary for rapidly dividing cells, including those of the gut and immune system (117-121). It is also used as an energy source in mitochondria (122), and is a precursor of the brain neurotransmitter glutamate (123). Glutamine is also needed for optimal nucleotide biosynthesis and protein synthesis (124-127).
The function of glutamine in stimulating glycogen synthase, the enzyme which controls the synthesis and storage of glycogen fuel in muscles and liver, may provide a mechanism by which glutamine supplements promote enhanced fuel stores. Glutamine supplements cause a rapid rise in cellular glutamine levels and glutamine stores in muscle.
Glutamine is a very diverse amino acid that is utilized in numerous functions that are important for daily living. People that do heavy exercising can lower their glutamine levels causing stress to their body and immune systems (127). For that reason, supplementing with glutamine can be important to a serious athlete, someone challenged with muscle loss, or who wants to help maintain optimal immune function under heavy stress (117-136).
References
117. Nutrition. 1996 Nov-Dec;12(11-12 Suppl):S78-S81.
118. Sports Med. 1998 Sep;26(3):177-91.
119. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1284-90.
120. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003 Jul-Aug;27(4):241-5.
121. Arch Surg. 1989 Dec;124(12):1396-9.
122. J Nutr. 2001 Sep;131(9 Suppl):2488S-90S; discussion 2496S-7S.
123. NMR Biomed. 1991 Apr;4(2):59-63.
124. Biomed Pharmacother. 2002 Nov;56(9):446-57.
125. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003 Feb;36(2):153-63.
126. Cell Biochem Funct. 2003 Mar;21(1):1-9.
127. Nutrition. 2002 Feb;18(2):130-3.
128. Nutrition. 1997 Jul-Aug;13(7-8):738-42.
129. Cytokine. 2002 Apr 21;18(2):92-7.
130. Gut. 1994 Jan;35(1 Suppl):S13-S17.
131. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002 May;34(5):439-58.
132. J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Aug;185(2):156-62.
133. Ann Surg. 1989 Apr; 209(4): 455-61.
134. Neurochem Res 1983 Apr;8(4):401-15
135. Clin Nutr. 2003 Aug;22(4):407-13.
136. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Aug;285(2):G266-73.
Supplement Facts
Serving Size 1 capsule
Servings Per Container 100
Amount Per Serving
L-Glutamine (free form amino acid) 500 mg
Other ingredients: rice flour, gelatine, vegetable stearate.
Contains rice.
This product contains NO milk, egg, fish, peanuts, crustacean shellfish (lobster, crab, shrimp), soybeans, tree nuts, wheat, yeast, gluten, or corn. Contains NO artificial sweeteners, flavors, colors, or preservatives.
Dosage and Use
Take one capsule once or twice daily on an empty stomach, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.
Caution
If you have significant kidney or liver disease, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not exceed recommended dose.
Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged.
If you have a bad reaction to product discontinue use immediately.
When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.
The function of glutamine in stimulating glycogen synthase, the enzyme which controls the synthesis and storage of glycogen fuel in muscles and liver, may provide a mechanism by which glutamine supplements promote enhanced fuel stores. Glutamine supplements cause a rapid rise in cellular glutamine levels and glutamine stores in muscle.
Glutamine is a very diverse amino acid that is utilized in numerous functions that are important for daily living. People that do heavy exercising can lower their glutamine levels causing stress to their body and immune systems (127). For that reason, supplementing with glutamine can be important to a serious athlete, someone challenged with muscle loss, or who wants to help maintain optimal immune function under heavy stress (117-136).
References
117. Nutrition. 1996 Nov-Dec;12(11-12 Suppl):S78-S81.
118. Sports Med. 1998 Sep;26(3):177-91.
119. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1284-90.
120. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003 Jul-Aug;27(4):241-5.
121. Arch Surg. 1989 Dec;124(12):1396-9.
122. J Nutr. 2001 Sep;131(9 Suppl):2488S-90S; discussion 2496S-7S.
123. NMR Biomed. 1991 Apr;4(2):59-63.
124. Biomed Pharmacother. 2002 Nov;56(9):446-57.
125. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003 Feb;36(2):153-63.
126. Cell Biochem Funct. 2003 Mar;21(1):1-9.
127. Nutrition. 2002 Feb;18(2):130-3.
128. Nutrition. 1997 Jul-Aug;13(7-8):738-42.
129. Cytokine. 2002 Apr 21;18(2):92-7.
130. Gut. 1994 Jan;35(1 Suppl):S13-S17.
131. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002 May;34(5):439-58.
132. J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Aug;185(2):156-62.
133. Ann Surg. 1989 Apr; 209(4): 455-61.
134. Neurochem Res 1983 Apr;8(4):401-15
135. Clin Nutr. 2003 Aug;22(4):407-13.
136. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Aug;285(2):G266-73.
Supplement Facts
Serving Size 1 capsule
Servings Per Container 100
Amount Per Serving
L-Glutamine (free form amino acid) 500 mg
Other ingredients: rice flour, gelatine, vegetable stearate.
Contains rice.
This product contains NO milk, egg, fish, peanuts, crustacean shellfish (lobster, crab, shrimp), soybeans, tree nuts, wheat, yeast, gluten, or corn. Contains NO artificial sweeteners, flavors, colors, or preservatives.
Dosage and Use
Take one capsule once or twice daily on an empty stomach, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.
Caution
If you have significant kidney or liver disease, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not exceed recommended dose.
Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged.
If you have a bad reaction to product discontinue use immediately.
When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.
